Let’s get something cleared up right away: Jesus certainly had a mother, but did he also have brothers? In other words, did Mary have other children after Jesus? The Church’s clear answer from the very beginning is no. Mary did not have other children. So why does Jesus refer to several of the disciples (namely James, Joseph, Simon, and Jude, see Mt 13:55 and Mk 6:3) as “brothers”?
Neither Hebrew nor Aramaic had a special word for “cousin,” so they often used the word “brother.” The Greek word “adelphos” can be translated as “brother” or “half-brother” or “cousin”. In the Old Testament, it could refer to any male relative from whom you are not descended (those would be referred to as “fathers”) and who are not descended from you (those would be referred to as “sons”). It covers a whole range of relatives, including cousins, members by marriage or law rather than blood, and even friends or political allies. Blood kinship was not as neatly categorized in Jewish culture as it is today; relatives were part of your tribe, which is what mattered.
For certain, Jesus had no full brothers, because Joseph was not his biological father (Matt 1:18; Lk 1:26-35). When Jesus was found in the Temple at age 12, the context suggests He was the only son of Mary and Joseph. Later, the James called Jesus’ “brother” is identified as “the son of Alphaeus,” which points to His being a cousin; likewise, another Mary is named as the mother of James and Joseph (Matt 27:56). And even when we hear these men referred to as Jesus’ brethren, they are never called “Mary’s sons” as Jesus is.
Thus, the Church maintains that Mary, as a perpetual virgin, had no other biological children, before or after Jesus, which is the point of today’s Gospel. In response to the presence of His family outside the place Jesus is preaching, Jesus says that His family is all those “who hear the word of God and act on it.” This is what Mary did. This is who Mary is: one who heard the word, said YES, and conformed her whole life to the will of God manifested in it. As “the handmaid of the Lord” (Lk 1:38), she trusted that God could do all things in her and through her; and God made her the mother of the Lord.
In a similar way, the Lord wants to draw each of us into the intimacy of His Heart. We are each called to hear His Word and act on it, so that we can truly be members of His family, who are loved and who love, and who know the way home.
Vamos a aclarar algo de inmediato: Jesús ciertamente tuvo una madre, pero ¿tuvo también hermanos? En otras palabras, ¿tuvo María otros hijos después de Jesús? La respuesta clara de la Iglesia desde el principio es no. María no tuvo otros hijos. Entonces, ¿por qué Jesús se refiere a varios de los discípulos (Santiago, José, Simón y Judas; véan a Mateo 13,55 y Marcos 6,3) como “hermanos”?
Ni el hebreo ni el arameo tenían una palabra específica para “primo”, por lo que a menudo usaban la palabra “hermano”. La palabra griega “adelphos” puede traducirse como “hermano”, “medio hermano” o “primo”. En el Antiguo Testamento, podía referirse a cualquier pariente varón del que no se desciende (a estos se les llamaría “padres”) y que no desciende de uno propio (a estos se les llamaría “hijos”). Abarca un rango amplio de parientes, incluyendo primos, miembros por matrimonio o ley en lugar de sangre, e incluso amigos o aliados políticos. El parentesco consanguíneo no estaba tan claramente categorizado en la cultura judía como lo está hoy; los parientes eran miembros de la tribu, y eso era lo que importaba.
Es cierto que Jesús no tenía hermanos biológicos porque José no era su padre biológico (Mt 1,18 y Lc 1,26-35). Cuando Jesús fue encontrado en el Templo a los 12 años, el contexto sugiere que era el único hijo de María y José. Más tarde, Santiago, llamado “hermano” de Jesús, es identificado como “el hijo de Alfeo”, lo que indica que era primo suyo; asimismo, otra María es nombrada como la madre de Santiago y José (Mt 27:56). E incluso cuando oímos que se refieren a estos hombres como hermanos de Jesús, nunca se les llama “hijos de María”, como a Jesús.
Así, la Iglesia sostiene que María, como virgen perpetua, no tuvo otros hijos biológicos, ni antes ni después de Jesús, lo cual es el punto central del Evangelio de hoy. En respuesta a la presencia de su familia fuera del lugar donde Jesús predica, Jesús dice que su familia son todos aquellos que “escuchan la palabra de Dios y la ponen en práctica”. Esto es lo que hizo María. Así es María, la que escuchó la palabra, dijo “sí” y conformó toda su vida a la voluntad de Dios manifestada en ella. Como “esclava del Señor” (Lc 1,38), confió en que Dios todo lo podía en ella y a través de ella; y Dios la hizo madre del Señor.
De forma semejante, el Señor quiere atraernos a cada uno de nosotros a la intimidad de su Corazón. Cada uno de nosotros está llamado a escuchar su Palabra y ponerla en práctica, para que podamos ser verdaderamente miembros de su familia, amados y amantes, y que conozcan el camino a casa.
Kathryn Mulderink, MA, is married to Robert, Station Manager for Holy Family Radio. Together they have seven children (including Father Rob), and eleven grandchildren. She is President of the local community of Secular Discalced Carmelites and has published five books and many articles. Over the last 30 years, she has worked as a teacher, headmistress, catechist, Pastoral Associate, and DRE, and as a writer and voice talent for Catholic Radio. Currently, she serves the Church by writing and speaking, and by collaborating with various parishes and to lead others to encounter Christ and engage their faith. Her website is www.KathrynTherese.com
Feature Image Credit: MousseK, pexels.com/photo/stunning-basilica-interior-with-gold-mosaic-ceiling-31814658/
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