The words in today’s First Reading from Deuteronomy are pivotal in the Mosaic Law and are now known as the Shema, part of the monotheistic profession of faith recited by Jews twice a day and the centerpiece of the morning and evening prayer services: Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God is one.
It is interesting to note that for Jews, to recite this prayer is to reaffirm a personal relationship with God’s rule, and with “receiving the kingdom of heaven;” it is often recited at the point of death. It was well-known to Jesus’ hearers and to the scribe who posed the question. Still, his inquiry about which commandment is the most important is a legitimate one, as the rabbis had enumerated 613 precepts of the Law, 248 commands, and 365 prohibitions; the relative importance of these ritual ordinances, precepts, and expressions of natural law was a common subject of discussion. While the Shema was recited twice a day, its importance could be obscured by the fact that it was immediately followed by rules about temporal prosperity and the wearing of tassels.
This scribe seems to ask the question in goodwill, looking for clarity. Jesus affirms that the commandment of primary importance is to love God with all your heart and soul and mind and strength (every power of our body and soul must be put in service to God!). Then he adds something surprising: the commandment of next importance is to love others as oneself (this comes from Leviticus 19:18, but was often obscured by other texts, like “an eye for an eye,” in Leviticus 24:19-20).
What would be surprising to the original listeners is that Jesus brings this law of loving others to the forefront by setting it beside – and making it inseparable from – the need to love God completely, with one’s whole being. It’s important for modern listeners to note the order Jesus gives these: first we must love God wholly, and then our love of others flows from it.
This sums up all man’s duties to God and to others, and the scribe acknowledges the wisdom Jesus has spoken. He expresses a clear understanding of the teaching of the prophets that the interior disposition of charity and fulfilling the moral law were superior to the external ritual of sacrifice; in many ways, this was obscured by the Pharisees’ emphasis on external expressions. The scribe replies that these laws of love are “worth more than all burnt offerings and sacrifices.” Love is the goal; ceremonial worship is a means. Jesus responds to this summary by affirming that he is not far from the kingdom of God.
When we profess and believe that God is one and that we love Him with all our heart and soul and mind and strength, we draw close to Him and are empowered to bring His love to others by self-sacrificing service.
Loving God is first. Loving others must flow from this first love.
Kathryn is married to Robert, mother of seven, grandmother to two, and a lay Carmelite. She has worked as a teacher, headmistress, catechist, Pastoral Associate, and DRE, and also as a writer and voice talent for Holy Family Radio. Currently, she serves the Church as a writer and presenter, and by collaborating with the diocesan Office of Faith Formation, individual parishes, and Catholic ministries to lead others to encounter Christ and engage their faith. Learn more at www.kathryntherese.com or on Facebook @summapax.
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